As expected, 3rd-grade pupils were outperformed by children attending the 4th- and 5th grades. In addition, an ANOVA showed the positive main effect of education in the PASTA condition (F[2,621) = 11.083, p < .0001, η² p = .03). Moreover, a series of Pearson's correlations revealed adequate concurrent validity of the new test. A satisfactory internal consistency of PASTA (Kudar–Richardson 20 = 0.81) was documented. Participants completed a battery of tests assessing verbal intelligence and working memory, reading, writing, word, and pseudoword-blending skills. A sample of 627 Italian 3rd–5th graders, 314 females and 313 males ( M age = 9.3 years, SD = 10.2 months, age range = 7.8–11.4 years) took part in the study. This study intended to examine the descriptive and psychometric properties of the phonemic awareness of schoolers test assessment (PASTA), a new tool that assesses one dimension of phonological awareness, namely the ability to blend pseudowords. Phonemic awareness refers to the ability to reflect on and process the sounds of spoken language and to conduct mental operations on the units that represent them, that is, phonemes.
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